查看“质谱免疫组学”的源代码

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      <div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3em; margin-top: 12px; color: #0f172a;">质谱免疫组学</div>
      <div style="font-style: italic; color: #64748b; margin-bottom: 10px;">Immunopeptidomics</div>
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    <div style="border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; padding: 8px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><span style="color: #64748b;">核心技术</span><span style="font-weight: 600;">LC-MS/MS</span></div>
    <div style="border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; padding: 8px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><span style="color: #64748b;">主要靶点</span><span style="font-weight: 600;">HLA 结合肽</span></div>
    <div style="border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; padding: 8px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><span style="color: #64748b;">常用平台</span><span style="font-weight: 600;">Orbitrap / timsTOF</span></div>
    <div style="border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; padding: 8px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><span style="color: #64748b;">样本起始</span><span style="font-weight: 600;">$10^{7}-10^{9}$ 细胞</span></div>
    <div style="border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; padding: 8px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;"><span style="color: #64748b;">所属学科</span><span style="font-weight: 600;">免疫蛋白组学</span></div>
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  <p><b>质谱免疫组学</b>（Immunopeptidomics）是一门利用高灵敏度液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术，直接鉴定并定量由主要组织相容性复合体（MHC，在人类中称为 HLA）分子呈递在细胞表面的全部内源性肽段（免疫肽组）的学科。它是肿瘤新抗原发现、疫苗设计及 TCR-T 细胞疗法开发中不可逾越的“真实性验证”环节。</p>

  <h2 style="border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 30px;">学术立场：实话实说</h2>
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    <p style="margin: 0; color: #991b1b; font-weight: 600;">核心局限性评估：</p>
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      <li><b>物理检测不代表功能激活：</b>质谱鉴定出的肽段仅证明其被“呈递”，能否激活 T 细胞仍需依赖 ELISpot 等功能实验。</li>
      <li><b>动态范围挑战：</b>高丰度管家蛋白肽常掩盖极低丰度的肿瘤特异性突变肽，导致漏检率。</li>
      <li><b>样本依赖性：</b>目前该技术对小尺寸活检样本（如微型穿刺）的支持度有限，难以实现常规临床化。</li>
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  <h2 style="border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 30px;">技术流程与关键指标</h2>
  <p>质谱免疫组化的标准化流程涉及样本采集、HLA 免疫沉淀、肽段洗脱及质谱采集。以下为临床转化层面的核心参数分析：</p>

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          <th style="padding: 15px; border-bottom: 2px solid #1d4ed8;">技术环节</th>
          <th style="padding: 15px; border-bottom: 2px solid #1d4ed8;">操作规范 (NRDD 准则)</th>
          <th style="padding: 15px; border-bottom: 2px solid #1d4ed8;">技术风险点</th>
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          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; font-weight: 600; color: #1e3a8a;">样本富集</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px;">基于 W6/32 等单抗的 HLA 复合物亲和纯化。</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; color: #ef4444;">非特异性结合产生的干扰噪声。</td>
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          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; font-weight: 600; color: #1e3a8a;">质谱采集</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px;">DDA (数据依赖型) 或 DIA (数据无关型) 扫描。</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; color: #ef4444;">低丰度肽段的质子化信号微弱。</td>
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          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; font-weight: 600; color: #1e3a8a;">序列解析</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px;">De novo 测序配合自定义突变蛋白库搜库。</td>
          <td style="padding: 12px 15px; color: #ef4444;">非经典翻译来源（内含子）解析极难。</td>
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  <h2 style="border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #1e3a8a; font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 30px;">临床关联与应用</h2>
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    <li><b>癌症个性化疫苗：</b>通过质谱筛选真实提呈的突变位点，避免资源浪费在无效肽段上。</li>
    <li><b>TCR 靶点筛选：</b>针对 <b>KRAS G12D</b> 等驱动突变，确认其在不同 HLA 亚型中的提呈图谱。</li>
    <li><b>药效评价：</b>监测免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）或化疗前后，肿瘤表面肽组的动态漂移。</li>
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    <div style="background-color: #1e3a8a; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px; color: #ffffff;">肿瘤免疫技术导航</div>
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        <td style="width: 20%; padding: 10px; background-color: #e2e8f0; text-align: right; font-weight: 600;">关联组学</td>
        <td style="padding: 10px;">[[蛋白组学]] • [[转录组学]] • [[全外显子测序]]</td>
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        <td style="width: 20%; padding: 10px; background-color: #e2e8f0; text-align: right; font-weight: 600;">临床终端</td>
        <td style="padding: 10px;">[[新抗原疫苗]] • [[TCR-T 疗法]] • [[CAR-NK]]</td>
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