查看“GvHD防控”的源代码

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            <strong>GvHD防控</strong>（Prevention and Control of Graft-versus-Host Disease）是异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）成功的核心。GvHD 发生于移植物中的供者免疫细胞攻击受者器官时，常累及皮肤、肝脏及胃肠道。现代防控体系已从传统的化学<strong><a href="/免疫抑制剂" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫抑制剂</a></strong>（如环孢素、甲氨蝶呤）演进为基于<strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">MSC</a></strong>（间充质干细胞）的<strong><a href="/免疫调节" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫调节</a></strong>方案。利用 MSC 的<strong><a href="/免疫豁免" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">免疫豁免</a></strong>特性及<strong><a href="/旁分泌效应" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">旁分泌效应</a></strong>，已成为救治激素耐药型急性 GvHD 的标准二线策略。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">GvHD防控 · 临床概要</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">GvHD Control Profile (点击展开)</div>
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                    <div style="color: #64748b; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 500;">移植物抗宿主病干预逻辑图</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc; width: 40%;">一线药物</th>
                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">糖皮质激素, 环孢素A</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">二线/前沿方案</th>
                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;"><strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC</a></strong>, Ruxolitinib</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">核心靶标</th>
                    <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #1e40af; font-weight: 600;">效应 <strong>T细胞</strong> 与炎症因子</td>
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        有效防控 GvHD 的关键在于阻断供者淋巴细胞对宿主组织的识别与攻击。
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>预防阶段：</strong> 通过 HLA 配型优化及联合使用 <strong><a href="/免疫抑制剂" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">免疫抑制剂</a></strong>，减少供者效应细胞的初始激活。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>MSC 介入：</strong> 针对难治型病例，<strong><a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC</a></strong> 利用其 <strong><a href="/归巢机制" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">归巢机制</a></strong> 募集至受损器官，释放 <strong>IDO</strong> 等因子诱导 <strong><a href="/Tregs" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">Tregs</a></strong> 产生。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>无细胞策略：</strong> 最新研究表明，<strong><a href="/MSC外泌体" target="_blank" style="color: #1e40af; text-decoration: none;">MSC外泌体</a></strong> 能够作为更稳定的介质，下调微环境中的炎症因子，实现免疫重塑。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">GvHD 不同防控手段对比表</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">对比维度</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">化学抑制 (CsA/MTX)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #16a34a;">细胞干预 (MSC)</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">作用范围</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">全身、非特异性抑制</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">局部炎症响应调节</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">临床目标</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">防止初始排异</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">救治耐药病灶/重塑耐受</td>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: block; margin-bottom: 2px;">参考文献与学术点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Le Blanc K, et al. (2008).</strong> <em>Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant...</em> <strong>The Lancet</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：确立了 MSC 在 GvHD 治疗中的临床核心地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Zeiser R, et al. (2021).</strong> <em>Ruxolitinib for Glucocorticoid-Refractory Acute GvHD.</em> <strong>NEJM</strong>. <br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：揭示了 JAK 抑制剂在难治型 GvHD 中的显著疗效。</span>
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        <div style="background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 10px; letter-spacing: 1px;">GvHD防控 · 知识图谱关联</div>
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            <a href="/MSC" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[MSC]]</a> • 
            <a href="/免疫调节" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[免疫调节]]</a> • 
            <a href="/再生医学" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[再生医学]]</a> • 
            <a href="/免疫豁免" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[免疫豁免]]</a> • 
            <a href="/MSC外泌体" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[MSC外泌体]]</a> • 
            <a href="/细胞因子风暴" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: #1e293b;">[[细胞因子风暴]]</a>
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