查看“树突状细胞(DC)”的源代码

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            <strong>[[树突状细胞]] (Dendritic Cell, DC)</strong> 是目前已知功能最强大的<strong>[[专职抗原提呈细胞]] (Professional APC)</strong>，被誉为免疫系统的“哨兵”和“指挥官”。它得名于其成熟时伸出的星状或树枝状突起（Dendrites）。DC 细胞是唯一能够激活<strong>[[初始T细胞]] (Naive T Cells)</strong> 的 APC，在连接<strong>[[固有免疫]]</strong>与<strong>[[适应性免疫]]</strong>之间起着不可替代的桥梁作用。1973 年由 <strong>[[Ralph Steinman]]</strong> 发现。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">树突状细胞</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Dendritic Cell (DC) · 点击展开</div>
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                <tr><th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">发现者</th><td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">Ralph Steinman (1973)</td></tr>
                <tr><th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要来源</th><td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[造血干细胞]] (HSC)</td></tr>
                <tr><th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键标志物</th><td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[CD11c]], [[MHC-II]]</td></tr>
                <tr><th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键转录因子</th><td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[Batf3]], [[IRF8]]</td></tr>
                <tr><th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9;">成熟标志</th><td style="padding: 8px 12px; color: #1e40af;">[[CD83]]+, [[CCR7]]+</td></tr>
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>迁移与成熟：</strong> 摄取抗原后上调趋化因子受体 <strong>[[CCR7]]</strong>，使其向引流淋巴结迁移。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>抗原提呈：</strong> 成熟 DC 提供三信号：1.识别信号(MHC-Peptide)；2.共刺激信号([[CD80/86]])；3.细胞因子信号([[IL-12]])。</li>
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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">亚群</th><th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">标志物</th><th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">主要功能</th>
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            <tr><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">cDC1</td><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">XCR1+, CD141+</td><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[交叉提呈]], 激活 CD8+ T 细胞。</td></tr>
            <tr><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">pDC</td><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">CD123+, CD303+</td><td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">产生大量 [[I型干扰素]], 抗病毒。</td></tr>
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        <p>[1] <strong>Steinman RM, Cohn ZA. (1973).</strong> <em>J Exp Med</em>. 137(2):298-312. <span style="color: #64748b;">(首次发现 DC)</span></p>
        <p>[2] <strong>Guilliams M, et al. (2014).</strong> <em>Nat Rev Immunol</em>. 14(8):571-78. <span style="color: #64748b;">(统一分类标准)</span></p>
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            <tr><td style="width: 90px; background-color: #f8fafc; padding: 10px; font-weight: 600;">上游分化</td><td style="padding: 10px;">[[Flt3L]]•[[GM-CSF]]•[[造血干细胞]]</td></tr>
            <tr><td style="background-color: #f8fafc; padding: 10px; font-weight: 600;">下游效应</td><td style="padding: 10px;">[[T细胞激活]]•[[交叉提呈]]•[[免疫耐受]]</td></tr>
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