查看“CD8+ T (CTL)”的源代码

<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px; margin: auto;">

    <div style="margin-bottom: 30px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 25px;">
        <p style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 10px 0; color: #334155; text-align: justify;">
            <strong>[[CD8+ T 细胞]]</strong>，亦称为 <strong>[[细胞毒性 T 细胞]] (Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, CTL)</strong>，是[[适应性免疫]]系统中的核心效应力量，专门负责清除机体内的受感染细胞和肿瘤细胞。其识别机制严格受 <strong>[[MHC-I/抗原肽]]</strong> 限制，通过表达特异性的 <strong>[[TCR]]</strong> 与靶细胞表面的 pMHC-I 复合物结合。一旦激活，CTL 会在 <strong>[[免疫突触]]</strong> 界面定向释放杀伤因子，诱导靶细胞发生高度受控的 <strong>[[细胞凋亡]]</strong>。在免疫监控与现代癌症生物治疗中，CD8+ T 细胞的活性与功能状态是决定预后的关键因素。
        </p>
    </div>

    <div class="medical-infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 380px; float: right; margin: 0 0 25px 25px; border: 1.2px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; background-color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); overflow: hidden;">
        
        <div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;">
            <div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">CD8+ T / CTL</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">效应细胞全维度参数</div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="mw-collapsible-content">
            <div style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; background-color: #f8fafc;">
                <div style="display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 15px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);">
                     
                </div>
                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 10px; font-weight: 600;">核心特性：精准识别与裂解</div>
            </div>

            <table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.82em;">
                <tr style="background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
                    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子与遗传标志</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; width: 40%;">主要标志物</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[CD3]], [[CD8 (αβ)]], TCRαβ</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">分化驱动子</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af;">Runx3, [[T-bet]], [[Eomes]]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">关键激酶</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">Lck, ZAP-70, [[Jak1]]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
                    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">生理功能参数</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">识别限制性</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af;">[[MHC-I]] / 内源抗原肽</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">主要细胞因子</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[IFN-γ]], [[TNF-α]], [[IL-2]]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">存活维持因子</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af;">[[IL-15]], [[IL-7]]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
                    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">杀伤介质库</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">打孔蛋白</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[穿孔素]] (Perforin)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">水解酶类</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[颗粒酶]] (A, B, K, M)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">膜结合配体</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[FasL]] (CD178)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
                    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">临床病理相关</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">抑制性受体</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">[[PD-1]], CTLA-4, LAG-3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">相关治疗</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #1e40af;">[[CAR-T]], [[TCR-T]], ICB</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 10px; background-color: #f8fafc;">典型缺陷</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 10px; color: #e11d48;">[[T 细胞耗竭]] (Exhaustion)</td>
                </tr>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>

    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">核心杀伤路径：物理穿透与生化诱导</h2>

    <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;">
        CD8+ CTL 执行任务时具有极高的空间精确性，通过建立 <strong>[[免疫突触]]</strong> 确保毒性物质不外泄。
    </p>
    
    <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>脱颗粒路径：</strong> CTL 释放 <strong>[[穿孔素]]</strong> 在靶细胞膜上形成孔道，随后 <strong>[[颗粒酶 B]]</strong> 进入胞浆。颗粒酶 B 通过切割 Bid 诱导线粒体释放细胞色素 c，或直接激活 Caspase-3，启动凋亡级联。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>死亡受体路径：</strong> 活化后的 CTL 表面高表达 <strong>[[FasL]]</strong>，通过结合靶细胞表面的 Fas (CD95) 受体，在不依赖颗粒释放的情况下直接诱导死亡。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>细胞因子调控：</strong> 分泌大量 <strong>[[IFN-γ]]</strong>，增强周围细胞的 MHC-I 表达，使潜伏的病原体更加“可见”。</li>
    </ul>

    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">从激活到耗竭：CD8+ T 细胞的命运周期</h2>

    <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 30px auto; max-width: 95%;">
        <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1.2px solid #cbd5e1; font-size: 0.92em; text-align: left;">
            <tr style="background-color: #f8fafc; border-bottom: 2px solid #0f172a;">
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">阶段</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">分子特征</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">生理/病理意义</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">启动与扩增</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">需要 <strong>[[交叉提呈]]</strong> 及 <strong>[[IL-2]]</strong> 信号。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">实现 <strong>[[克隆扩增]]</strong>，建立抗原特异性战力。</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">效应发挥</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">高表达穿孔素/颗粒酶。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">直接清除病毒感染细胞或肿瘤。</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[T 细胞耗竭]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">持续高表达 <strong>[[PD-1]]</strong>, TIM-3, LAG-3。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #e11d48;">慢性刺激下的功能丧失，肿瘤逃逸主因。</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">记忆存留</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">高表达 <strong>[[CD127]]</strong>, Bcl-2。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">存入 <strong>[[记忆细胞池]]</strong>，提供长期保护。</td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </div>

    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">权威学术文献与点评</h2>

    <div style="font-size: 0.92em; line-height: 1.6; color: #1e293b; margin-top: 15px; border-top: 2.2px solid #0f172a; padding: 15px 25px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;">
        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献 [Academic Peer Review]</span>
        
        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [1] <strong>Barry, M., & Bleackley, R. C. (2002).</strong> <em>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: all roads lead to death.</em> <strong>Nature Reviews Immunology</strong>, 2(6), 401-409.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：该领域最经典的综述之一，详尽解析了 CTL 杀伤靶细胞的分子级联反应。</span>
        </p>
        
        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [2] <strong>Wherry, E. J., & Kurachi, M. (2015).</strong> <em>Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion.</em> <strong>Nature Reviews Immunology</strong>, 15(8), 486-499.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：深刻探讨了 CD8+ T 细胞从功能健壮向“耗竭”状态转化的转录调控机制。</span>
        </p>

        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [3] <strong>Dustin, M. L., & Long, E. O. (2010).</strong> <em>Cytotoxic immunological synapses.</em> <strong>Immunological Reviews</strong>, 235(1), 24-34.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：从生物物理学角度阐述了 CTL 与靶细胞接触面（免疫突触）的形成过程及其功能意义。</span>
        </p>
        
        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [4] <strong>Harty, J. T., et al. (2000).</strong> <em>CD8+ T cell effector mechanisms and protective immunity.</em> <strong>Annual Review of Immunology</strong>, 18, 275-308.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：系统论述了 CD8+ T 细胞在保护性免疫中的效应机制，是理解其在感染中作用的基石。</span>
        </p>
    </div>

    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
    <div style="background-color: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0;">
        <ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: #334155;">
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[MHC-I/抗原肽]]：</strong> CTL 识别的分子“身份证”。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[穿孔素]]：</strong> CTL 杀伤过程中的物理“攻城槌”。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[PD-1]]：</strong> 调控 CTL 活性的核心“制动开关”。</li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <div style="margin: 40px 0; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em;">
        <div style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af; padding: 8px 15px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbeafe;">
            CD8+ T (CTL) · 知识图谱
        </div>
        <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ffffff;">
            <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">
                <td style="width: 110px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">激活必需项</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[MHC-I 识别]]•[[CD8 共受体]]•[[IL-2/IL-12]]</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">
                <td style="width: 110px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">效应通路</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[颗粒酶/穿孔素途径]]•[[Fas/FasL 诱导]]•[[IFN-γ 分泌]]</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;">
                <td style="width: 110px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">抑制因子</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[PD-1]]•[[LAG-3]]•[[CTLA-4]]•[[TGF-β]]</td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </div>

</div>